Investigators may have uncovered ion channels that play a role in dentine hypersensitivity.
Exposed dentinal tubules can result in dentine hypersensitivity, a condition that impacts up to 57% of patients worldwide. Risk factors include the consumption of acidic foods and beverages, oral diseases such as gingival recession and periodontal disease, as well as the frequent use of teeth-whitening products.
Prior research has indicated that mechanical, thermal, evaporative, tactile, chemical, and osmotic stimuli in the oral environment—such as the movement of fluid within dentinal tubules—could trigger ion channels in odontoblasts and sensory neurons, thereby conveying pain signals to the brain.
In a comprehensive review published in the Journal of Dentistry, the investigators conducted a comprehensive literature review to identify ion channels involved in dentine hypersensitivity. They examined the responsiveness of stimuli, physiological roles, and pain-related contributions of transient receptor potential channels, Piezo channels, and acid-sensing ion channels.
The investigators found that all three ion channels responded to pressure, heat, chemical irritants, and acidic environments, potentially resulting in the sensation of pain. They noted that pain signals were generated following activation of odontoblastic ion channels and the subsequent release of adenosine triphosphate and glutamate, which bind to sensory neuron receptors.
Despite these findings, the investigators emphasized that the widespread physiological function of the ion channels identified in the study could present challenges in targeting these pathways. As a result, current standards treatments for managing of dentine sensitivity may continue to be safer and more effective.
Source: Journal of Dentistry
